نارسایی‌خوانی و اختلال خواندن، اثربخشی تقارب، سهولت تطابقی و حرکات ساکاد: یک مرور نظام‌مند

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان
هانیه فلاحتی‌پور 1
امان اله سلطانی 2
میترا کامیابی 2
حمداله منظری توکلی 2
1 PhD Student, Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
10.22122/jrrs.v16i0.3564
چکیده
مقدمه: نارساخوانی، ترکیبی از مشکلاتی است که فرایند یادگیری را در یک یا چند زمینه از جمله خواندن، نوشتن و هجی کردن تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد و ممکن است با مشکلاتی در زمینه سرعت پردازش، حافظه، توالی ادراک دیداری- شنیداری، مهارت‌های حرکتی و گفتاری همراه باشد. مهارت‌های درک و تمییز حروف و صداها، برقراری ارتباط واج- نویسه، نام‌گذاری و بازنمایی حروف، حافظه، حرکت و عوامل دیداری و شنیداری هم‌زمان، به عنوان اجزای این فرایند پیچیده شناختی مطرح شده‌اند. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، مرور تحقیقات در دسترس در زمینه اثربخشی تقارب، سهولت تطابقی و حرکات ساکاد (Saccade) بر نارسایی‌خوانی بود.مواد و روش‌ها: مقالات انگلیسی و فارسی در زمینه نارسایی‌خوانی و اختلال خواندن، اثربخشی تقارب، سهولت تطابقی و حرکات ساکاد در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی Google Scholar، PubMed و ScienceDirect و در پایان‌نامه‌ها و مقالات فارسی نمایه شده در پایگاه‌های Scientific Information Database (SID) و Magiran طی سال‌های 2010 تا 2020 جستجو گردید. از کلید واژه‌های «اختلال خواندن، نارساخوانی، تقارب، سهولت تطابقی، حرکات ساکاد، عملکرد بینایی، ادراک بینایی، پردازش دیداری، اثربخشی تطبیقی، پردازش واج‌شناختی» و ترکیبی از آن‌ها بر اساس سرعنوان‌های موضوعی پزشکی (Medical Subject Headings یا MeSH) استفاده شد. نتایج 18 مقاله مرتبط با اهداف مطالعه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.یافته‌ها: ارتباط معنی‌داری بین نارسایی سهولت تطابق و حرکات چشم، حرکات ساکاد و اختلال خواندن وجود داشت که با تقویت مداخلات دیداری، مهارت‌های ادراک بینایی و حرکتی، توان‌بخشی عملکردهای بینایی پایه و حرکات ساکاد، سهولت تطابق عملکردهای بینایی دانش‌آموزان تقویت و منجر به ارتقای عملکرد خواندن می‌گردد. به عبارت دیگر، جهت جلوگیری از بروز مشکلات و یا افت عملکرد کودکان و دانش‌آموزان نارساخوان، توجه بیشتر به این مهارت‌ها پیشنهاد می‌گردد.نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می‌رسد پردازش ادراک بینایی در اختلال خواندن نقش مهمی دارد و افرادی که تمرینات تقارب، سهولت تطابقی و حرکات ساکاد از جمله آموزش مهارت‌های ادراک بینایی- حرکتی را دریافت می‌کنند، عملکرد بهتری در خواندن نشان می‌دهند.

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پژوهش در علوم توانبخشی
دوره 16، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 1
فروردین 1399
صفحه 262-271