Biomechanical Evaluation of Morton's Toe Effects on Plantar Pressure Distribution during Gait: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors
سینا نجف‌پور 1
Hamed Fadaei 2
Hakimeh Adigozali 3
1 MSc Student, Department of Biomechanics and Sports Pathology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD Student, Department of Biomechanics and Sports Pathology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
10.48305/jrrs.2026.45720.1125
Abstract
Introduction: The foot's anatomical structure, particularly the toes, plays a crucial role in generating forces and pressures on the sole. Morton's toe, a condition where the second toe is longer than the first, is a notable morphological feature that can impact foot stability and increase the risk of walking-related injuries. This study investigated the biomechanical effects of Morton's toe on plantar pressure during walking.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-two students from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were examined in two groups of 16 (Morton’s foot and normal). The emed C50 plantar pressure measurement platform was used to record the data. The variables investigated included peak pressure, contact area, contact time, and pressure-time integral in 10 anatomical regions of the plantar foot.
Results: In individuals with Morton's foot, the peak pressure and pressure-time integral in the lateral midfoot region were higher than those in the normal group (P = 0.032 and P = 0.041, respectively). These values also showed a significant increase at the second metatarsal head (P = 0.002 and P = 0.004) and the third metatarsal head (P = 0.011 and P = 0.003). Additionally, the contact area at the second metatarsal was significantly increased (P = 0.028). In contrast, the peak pressure, contact area, and pressure-time integral in the hallux region decreased in the Morton's foot group (P = 0.014, P = 0.009, and P = 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the peak pressure at the first metatarsal also decreased (P = 0.021). A significant reduction in the pressure-time integral was also observed at the fourth metatarsal (P = 0.019). Furthermore, in the second to fifth toes region, the peak pressure and pressure-time integral were significantly higher in the Morton's foot group (P = 0.025 and P = 0.033, respectively).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that Morton's foot alters plantar pressure distribution, potentially increasing the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. The study underscores the importance of designing appropriate footwear and using customized orthotic interventions to reduce pressure and improve foot function in individuals with Morton's toe.

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