Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences

A Comparative Study of Electromyography Activity of Selected Lower Extremity Muscles in Badminton Players with Functional Ankle Instability during Single-Leg Landing: A Cross-Sectional Study

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

1 MSc of Sports Injury and Corrective Exercise, Department of Health and Sports Medicine, School of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Health and Sport Medicine, School of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Health and Sport Medicine, School of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran

10.48305/jrrs.2023.41390.1023

Abstract

Introduction: Functional ankle instability is one of the most common sports injuries and causes disruption in neuromuscular control and intensity of muscle activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity of selected lower extremity muscles in badminton players with functional ankle instability in the feed forward and feedback phases during single leg landing with that of healthy players.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 male badminton players (15 people with ankle functional instability and 15 people without ankle functional instability). First, their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured. Then, they stood on a platform of 30 cm height, and took several steps to reach the jumping place, from there they landed on one leg with the dominant leg, and the electrical activity of the selected muscles was recorded in a feedforward and feedback manner. Independent t-test and Man-Whitney U test were used to analyze the results.
Results: The independent t-test and Man-Whitney U test results showed that EMG activity in the feedforward phase in the tibialis anterior (P = 0.001), gastrocnemius (P = 0.001), and peroneus longus (P = 0.001) muscles, and in feedback phase in the tibialis anterior (P = 0.001), gastrocnemius (P = 0.001) and peroneus longus (P = 0.006) muscles were significantly higher in the group without functional ankle instability than the group with functional ankle instability.
Conclusion: Decreased activity of the lower extremity muscles in the ankle is one of the main reasons for ankle sprains. The EMG activity of the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and peroneus longus muscles in the feedforward and feedback phases is lower in people with functional ankle instability compared to people without ankle instability. Therefore, there are many differences in the intensity of muscle activity between people with functional ankle instability and healthy people.

Keywords

Main Subjects

  1. Fong DT, Hong Y, Chan LK, Yung PS, Chan KM. A systematic review on ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports. Sports Med 2007; 37(1): 73-94.
  2. Fu SN, Hui-Chan CW. Modulation of prelanding lower-limb muscle responses in athletes with multiple ankle sprains. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39(10): 1774-83.
  3. Diamond JE. Rehabilitation of ankle sprains. Clin Sports Med 1989; 8(4): 877-91.
  4. Hertel J. Functional anatomy, pathomechanics, and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability. J Athl Train 2002; 37(4): 364-75.
  5. Delahunt E, Remus A. Risk factors for lateral ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train 2019; 54(6): 611-6.
  6. Santilli V, Frascarelli MA, Paoloni M, Frascarelli F, Camerota F, De NL, et al. Peroneus longus muscle activation pattern during gait cycle in athletes affected by functional ankle instability: A surface electromyographic study. Am J Sports Med 2005; 33(8): 1183-7.
  7. Feger MA, Hart JM, Saliba S, Abel MF, Hertel J. Gait training for chronic ankle instability improves neuromechanics during walking. J Orthop Res 2018; 36(1): 515-24.
  8. Gerber JP, Williams GN, Scoville CR, Arciero RA, Taylor DC. Persistent disability associated with ankle sprains: A prospective examination of an athletic population. Foot Ankle Int 1998; 19(10): 653-60.
  9. Hertel J, Corbett RO. An updated model of chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train 2019; 54(6): 572-88.
  10. Rowe PL, Bryant AL, Paterson KL. Current ankle sprain prevention and management strategies of netball athletes: a scoping review of the literature and comparison with best-practice recommendations. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13(1): 113.
  11. Simpson JD, Stewart EM, Macias DM, Chander H, Knight AC. Individuals with chronic ankle instability exhibit dynamic postural stability deficits and altered unilateral landing biomechanics: A systematic review. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 37: 210-9.
  12. Freeman MA, Dean MR, Hanham IW. The etiology and prevention of functional instability of the foot. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1965; 47(4): 678-85.
  13. Geerinck A, Beaudart C, Salvan Q, Van Beveren J, D'Hooghe P, Bruyere O, et al. French translation and validation of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, an instrument for measuring functional ankle instability. Foot Ankle Surg 2020; 26(4): 391-7.
  14. Brown C, Padua D, Marshall SW, Guskiewicz K. Individuals with mechanical ankle instability exhibit different motion patterns than those with functional ankle instability and ankle sprain copers. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2008; 23(6): 822-31.
  15. Tropp H, Odenrick P, Gillquist J. Stabilometry recordings in functional and mechanical instability of the ankle joint. Int J Sports Med 1985; 6(3): 180-2.
  16. Lin CI, Houtenbos S, Lu YH, Mayer F, Wippert PM. The epidemiology of chronic ankle instability with perceived ankle instability- a systematic review. J Foot Ankle Res 2021; 14(1): 41.
  17. Santos MJ, Liu H, Liu W. Unloading reactions in functional ankle instability. Gait Posture 2008; 27(4): 589-94.
  18. Richie DH, Jr. Functional instability of the ankle and the role of neuromuscular control: A comprehensive review. J Foot Ankle Surg 2001; 40(4): 240-51.
  19. Delahunt E. Neuromuscular contributions to functional instability of the ankle joint. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2007; 11(3): 203-13.
  20. Ross SE, Guskiewicz KM, Yu B. Single-leg jump-landing stabilization times in subjects with functionally unstable ankles. J Athl Train 2005; 40(4): 298-304.
  21. Ganesh GS, Chhabra D, Mrityunjay K. Efficacy of the star excursion balance test in detecting reach deficits in subjects with chronic low back pain. Physiother Res Int 2015; 20(1): 9-15.
  22. Olmsted LC, Carcia CR, Hertel J, Shultz SJ. Efficacy of the star excursion balance tests in detecting reach deficits in subjects with chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train 2002; 37(4): 501-6.
  23. Munn J, Beard DJ, Refshauge KM, Lee RY. Eccentric muscle strength in functional ankle instability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35(2): 245-50.
  24. Li Y, Ko J, Walker MA, Brown CN, Schmidt JD, Kim SH, et al. Does chronic ankle instability influence lower extremity muscle activation of females during landing? J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2018; 38: 81-7.
  25. Hubbard TJ, Kaminski TW. Kinesthesia is not affected by functional ankle instability status. J Athl Train 2002; 37(4): 481-6.
  26. Boyle J, Negus V. Joint position sense in the recurrently sprained ankle. Aust J Physiother 1998; 44(3): 159-63.
  27. Vaes P, Duquet W, Van Gheluwe Peroneal reaction times and eversion motor response in healthy and unstable ankles. J Athl Train 2002; 37(4): 475-80.
  28. Konradsen L, Ravn JB. Ankle instability caused by prolonged peroneal reaction time. Acta Orthop Scand 1990; 61(5): 388-90.
  29. Ebig M, Lephart SM, Burdett RG, Miller MC, Pincivero DM. The effect of sudden inversion stress on EMG activity of the peroneal and tibialis anterior muscles in the chronically unstable ankle. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1997; 26(2): 73-7.
  30. Ryan L. Mechanical stability, muscle strength and proprioception in the functionally unstable ankle. Aust J Physiother 1994; 40(1): 41-7.
  31. Arnold BL, Linens SW, de la Motte SJ, Ross SE. Concentric evertor strength differences and functional ankle instability: A meta-analysis. J Athl Train 2009; 44(6): 653-62.
  32. Corbin DM, Hart JM, McKeon PO, Ingersoll CD, Hertel J. The effect of textured insoles on postural control in double and single limb stance. J Sport Rehabil 2007; 16(4): 363-72.
  33. Feger MA, Donovan L, Hart JM, Hertel J. Lower extremity muscle activation in patients with or without chronic ankle instability during walking. J Athl Train 2015; 50(4): 350-7.
  34. Wikstrom EA, Cain MS, Chandran A, Song K, Regan T, Migel K, et al. Lateral ankle sprain and subsequent ankle sprain risk: A systematic review. J Athl Train 2021; 56(6): 578-85.
  35. Miranda JP, Silva WT, Silva HJ, Mascarenhas RO, Oliveira VC. Effectiveness of cryotherapy on pain intensity, swelling, range of motion, function and recurrence in acute ankle sprain: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 49: 243-9.
  36. Dolan P, Kenny I, Glynn L, Campbell M, Warrington GD, Cahalan R, et al. Risk factors for acute ankle sprains in field-based, team contact sports: a systematic review of prospective etiological studies. Phys Sportsmed 2022; 1-14. [Online ahead of print].
  37. Mason J, Kniewasser C, Hollander K, Zech A. Intrinsic risk factors for ankle sprain differ between male and female athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med Open 2022; 8(1): 139.
  38. Lee HM, Oh S, Kwon JW. Effect of plyometric versus ankle stability exercises on lower limb biomechanics in taekwondo demonstration athletes with functional ankle instability. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(10).
  39. de RR, Russo G, Lena F, Giovannico G, Neville C, Turolla A, et al. The effect of manual therapy plus exercise in patients with lateral ankle sprains: A critically appraised topic with a meta-analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11(16).
  40. Herzog MM, Kerr ZY, Marshall SW, Wikstrom EA. Epidemiology of ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train 2019; 54(6): 603-10.
  41. Smith MD, Vicenzino B, Bahr R, Bandholm T, Cooke R, Mendonca LM, et al. Return to sport decisions after an acute lateral ankle sprain injury: introducing the PAASS framework-an international multidisciplinary consensus. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55(22): 1270-6.
  42. Pathmanathan C, Jayakody J, Perera M, Weerarathna W, Nirosha S, Indeewari D, et al. Physical fitness factors of school badminton players in Kandy district. Euro J Sports Exerc Sci 2015; 4(2): 14-25.
  43. N Chandrakumar, C Ramesh. Effect of ladder drill and SAQ training on speed and agility among sports club badminton players. Int J Appl Res 2015;1(12):527-529. 2023.
  44. Sudaryono MD, Pradjoko D. Sports, nationalism, and achievement: Indonesian badminton in the 1992 barcelona olympics. In Dissecting History and Problematizing the Past in Indonesia. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. 2021. p. 73-84. 2023.
  45. Palmer D, Cooper DJ, Emery C, Batt ME, Engebretsen L, Scammell BE, et al. Self-reported sports injuries and later-life health status in 3357 retired Olympians from 131 countries: a cross-sectional survey among those competing in the games between London 1948 and PyeongChang 2018. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55(1): 46-53.
  46. Park SH. Effects of Neuromuscular Training on Muscle Activity and Balance Ability in Badminton Club Members with Chronic Ankle Instability. J Kor Phys Ther 2016; 28(4): 243-8.
  47. Herbaut A, Delannoy J, Foissac M. Do French and Chinese regular badminton players experience the same injuries? Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science; 2018 July 4-7; Dublin, Ireland. 2018.
  48. Herbaut A, Delannoy J. Fatigue increases ankle sprain risk in badminton players: A biomechanical study. J Sports Sci 2020; 38(13): 1560-5.
  49. Herbaut A, Delannoy J, Foissac M. Injuries in French and Chinese regular badminton players. Sci Sports 2018; 33(3): 145-51.
  50. Donovan L, Hetzel S, Laufenberg CR, McGuine TA. Prevalence and Impact of chronic ankle instability in adolescent athletes. Orthop J Sports Med 2020; 8(2): 2325967119900962.
  51. Hershkovich O, Tenenbaum S, Gordon B, Bruck N, Thein R, Derazne E, et al. A large-scale study on epidemiology and risk factors for chronic ankle instability in young adults. J Foot Ankle Surg 2015; 54(2): 183-7.
  52. Delavar A. Theoretical and practical foundations of research in humanities and social sciences. 9th Tehran, Iran: Roshd Publications; 2011. [In Persian]. 2023.
  53. Hiller CE, Refshauge KM, Bundy AC, Herbert RD, Kilbreath SL. The Cumberland ankle instability tool: A
    report of validity and reliability testing. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006; 87(9): 1235-41.
  54. Haji-Maghsoudi M, Naseri N, Nouri-Zadeh S, Jalayi S. Evidence of reliability for Persian version of the “Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT)" in Iranian Athletes with lateral Ankle Sprain. J Rehab 2016; 16(4): 304-11. [In Persian].
  55. Gribble PA, Delahunt E, Bleakley CM, Caulfield B, Docherty CL, Fong DT, et al. Selection criteria for patients with chronic ankle instability in controlled research: a position statement of the International Ankle Consortium. J Athl Train 2014; 49(1): 121-7.
  56. Kikumoto T, Akatsuka K, Nakamura E, Ito W, Hirabayashi R, Edama M. Quantitative evaluation method for clarifying ankle plantar flexion angles using anterior drawer and inversion stress tests: A cross-sectional study. J Foot Ankle Res 2019; 12: 27.
  57. Konrad P. The ABC of EMG: A practical introduction to kinesiological electromyography. Scottsdale, AZ: Noraxon U.S.A. Inc.; 2006.
  58. Sacco IC, Gomes AA, Otuzi ME, Pripas D, Onodera AN. A method for better positioning bipolar electrodes for lower limb EMG recordings during dynamic contractions. J Neurosci Methods 2009; 180(1): 133-7.
  59. Roman-Liu D, Bartuzi P. Influence of type of MVC test on electromyography measures of biceps brachii and triceps brachii. Int J Occup Saf Ergon 2018; 24(2): 200-6.
  60. Contarli N, Cankaya T. Effect of the Pes Planus on Vertical Jump Height and Lower Extremity Muscle Activation in Gymnasts. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 2022; 24(1): 81-9.
  61. Gilmore KL, Meyers JE. Using surface electromyography in physiotherapy research. Aust J Physiother 1983; 29(1): 3-9.
  62. McManus L, De VG, Lowery MM. Analysis and biophysics of surface EMG for physiotherapists and kinesiologists: Toward a common language with rehabilitation engineers. Front Neurol 2020; 11: 576729.
  63. Koldenhoven RM, Feger MA, Fraser JJ, Saliba S, Hertel J. Surface electromyography and plantar pressure during walking in young adults with chronic ankle instability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016; 24(4): 1060-70.
  64. Kim H, Son SJ, Seeley MK, Hopkins JT. Altered movement strategies during jump landing/cutting in patients with chronic ankle instability. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29(8): 1130-40.
  65. Tretriluxana J, Nanbancha A, Sinsurin K, Limroongreungrat W, Wang HK. Neuromuscular control of the ankle during pre-landing in athletes with chronic ankle instability: Insights from statistical parametric mapping and muscle co-contraction analysis. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 47: 46-52.
Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences
Volume 18, Issue 1
2022
Pages 56-65
  • Receive Date: 04 January 2023
  • Revise Date: 17 September 2023
  • Accept Date: 23 September 2023