Evaluation of Cultural Competencies of Students at School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors
Maryam Shafiei-Sarvestani 1
Elham Jahani 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Curriculum Studies, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Department of Curriculum Studies, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
10.22122/jrrs.v16i0.3560
Abstract
Interdiction: Cultural competence is an important component for rehabilitation students as they have a particular job position in health centers in dealing with people of different cultures. The purpose of this study is to assess the cultural competencies of students at the School of Rehabilitation Sciences at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Materials and Methods: The present study was quantitative in terms of nature, applied in terms of objective, and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study included all the students of the School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. There were 350 students studying at this school in 2018, 184 of whom were selected using stratified sampling method using Cochran formula. The data was collected using Standard Cultural Competence Questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the professors and experts and its reliability was approved using Cranach’s alpha of 0.871. For data analysis, correlation test, single sample t-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were used to compare the mean of cultural competence dimensions.Results: Cultural competencies amongst the students were in a good condition. This means that the merits of cultural knowledge and cultural sensitivity were above the average level and the merit of cultural skills was at a moderate level. Moreover, the competency in cultural skills was the dominant competency among the students of Rehabilitation Sciences of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Another finding of this study regarding the prioritization of these competencies also showed that cultural skills were the most important and cultural sensitivity was the least important in terms of ranking.Conclusion: It is imperative that the medical practitioners take the necessary measures to increase the cultural competence of the students of the rehabilitation sciences by organizing workshops to promote students' cultural competency.

Keywords

  1. Chamberlain SP. Recognizing and responding to cultural differences in the education of culturally and linguistically diverse learners. Interv Sch Clin 2005; 40(4): 195-211.
  2. Pahlavan C. Cultural science: Speeches on culture and civilization. Tehran, Iran: Ghatreh Publications; 1999. p. 78-89. [In Persian].
  3. Haghighi SH, Ashrafizadeh H, Saki Malehi A, Mojaddami F. Students’ perspectives regarding class culture in Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, 2014. Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences 2016; 17(53): 73-80. [In Persian].
  4. Betancourt JR. Cultural competence and medical education: many names, many perspectives, one goal. Acad Med 2006; 81(6): 499-501.
  5. Pottie K, Hui C, Rahman P, Ingleby D, Akl EA, Russell G, et al. Building responsive health systems to help communities affected by migration: An International Delphi Consensus. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14(2).
  6. Paloma V, Garcia-Ramirez M, Camacho C. Well-being and social justice among Moroccan migrants in southern Spain. Am J Community Psychol 2014; 54(1-2): 1-11.
  7. Nazarian A. Tribal migrations and the social foundation change of Iran’s cities. Amayesh 2009; 2(6): 1-32. [In Persian].
  8. Campinha-Bacote J. Cultural diversity in nursing education: Issues and concerns. J Nurs Educ 1998; 37(1): 3-4.
  9. Foronda CL. A concept analysis of cultural sensitivity. J Transcult Nurs 2008; 19(3): 207-12.
  10. May S, Potia TA. An evaluation of cultural competency training on perceived patient adherence. Eur J Physiother 2013; 15(1): 2-10.
  11. Ishikawa RZ, Cardemil EV, Alegria M, Schuman CC, Joseph RC, Bauer AM. Uptake of depression treatment recommendations among Latino primary care patients. Psychol Serv 2014; 11(4): 421-32.
  12. Brophy M, Kiely T. Competencies: A new sector. J Eur Ind Train 2002; 26(2/3/4): 165-76.
  13. Thackrah RD, Thompson SC. Refining the concept of cultural competence: Building on decades of progress. Med J Aust 2013; 199(1): 35-8.
  14. Diyanati M, Erfani M. Competence; Concepts and Applications. Tadbir Journal 2009; (206): 14-9. [In Persian].
  15. Mousavi Bazaz M, Zabihi zazoly A, Karimi Moonaghi H. Cross-Cultural Competence, an Unknown Necessity in Medical Sciences Education a Review Article. Iran J Med Educ 2014; 14(2): 122-36. [In Persian].
  16. Carrillo JE, Carrillo VA, Perez HR, Salas-Lopez D, Natale-Pereira A, Byron AT. Defining and targeting health care access barriers. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2011; 22(2): 562-75.
  17. Wilkinson JE. Use of a writing elective to teach cultural competency and professionalism. Fam Med 2006; 38(10): 702-4.
  18. Cruz JP, Estacio JC, Bagtang CE, Colet PC. Predictors of cultural competence among nursing students in the Philippines: A cross-sectional study. Nurse Educ Today 2016; 46: 121-6.
  19. Truong M, Paradies Y, Priest N. Interventions to improve cultural competency in healthcare: a systematic review of reviews. BMC Health Serv Res 2014; 14: 99.
  20. Gebru K, Willman A. Education to promote culturally competent nursing care--a content analysis of student responses. Nurse Educ Today 2010; 30(1): 54-60.
  21. Williamson M, Harrison L. Providing culturally appropriate care: A literature review. Int J Nurs Stud 2010; 47(6): 761-9.
  22. Bastami MR, Kianian T, Borji M, Amirkhani M, Saber S. Assessment of cultural competence among nurses. Med Ethics 2016; 10(36): 65-72. [In Persian].
  23. Kani L, Hagigatian M, Smaili R. Investigating the Relationship of Cultural Competence, Health and Social Support with Attitudes of toward Organ Donation: the mediating role of social responsibility. Journal of Nursing Education 2018; 6(6): 48-57. [In Persian].
  24. Khanbabayi Gol M, Jabarzade F, Zamanzadeh V. Cultural competence among senior nursing students of medical universities in north-west Iran. Nurs Midwifery J 2017; 15(8): 612-9. [In Persian].
  25. Deardorff DK. Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. J Stud Int Educ 2006; 10(3): 241-66.
  26. Klein G, Rieger A, Schumacher A. The impact of intercultural competence on Franco-German business belations. Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Applied Interculturality Research (cAIR10); 2010 Apr 7-10; Graz, Austria.
  27. Leishman J. Perspectives of cultural competence in health care. Nurs Stand 2004; 19(11): 33-8.
  28. Perng SJ, Watson R. Construct validation of the Nurse Cultural Competence Scale: A hierarchy of abilities. J Clin Nurs 2012; 21(11-12): 1678-84.
  29. Green AR, Chun MBJ, Cervantes MC, Nudel JD, Duong JV, Krupat E, et al. Measuring medical students' preparedness and skills to provide cross-cultural care. Health Equity 2017; 1(1): 15-22.
  30. Anderson NL, Calvillo ER, Fongwa MN. Community-based approaches to strengthen cultural competency in nursing education and practice. J Transcult Nurs 2007; 18(1 Suppl): 49S-59S.
  31. Henderson S, Horne M, Hills R, Kendall E. Cultural competence in healthcare in the community: A concept analysis. Health Soc Care Community 2018; 26(4): 590-603.
  32. Betancourt JR, Green AR, Carrillo JE, Ananeh-Firempong O. Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Public Health Rep 2003; 118(4): 293-302.
  33. Alizadeh S, Chavan M. Cultural competence dimensions and outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. Health Soc Care Community 2016; 24(6): e117-e130.

Article View 44,115
PDF Download 34,732