مقایسه هوش اجتماعی و هویت جنسی، پرخاشگری و گرایش به اعتیاد در نوجوانان وابسته به بازی آنلاین ویدئویی GTA و نوجوانان عادی: مطالعه مقطعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
محمدامین نیمروزی 1
علی محمد رضایی 2
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد ارسنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارسنجان، ایران
2 مربی، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد ارسنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارسنجان، ایران
10.22122/jrrs.v15i5.3463
چکیده
مقدمه: هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، مقایسه هوش اجتماعی و هویت جنسی، پرخاشگری و گرایش به اعتیاد در نوجوانان وابسته به بازی آنلاین ویدئویی (Grand Theft Auto یا GTA) و نوجوانان عادی بود.مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه از نوع تحلیلی- مقطعی بر مبنای مقایسه دو گروه بازی و شاهد بود. جامعه آماری تحقیق را تمامی نوجوانانی که بازی‌های آنلاین از جمله GTA را انجام می‌دادند، تشکیل داد. از بین آن‌ها، 60 نفر به عنوان گروه بازی به صورت در دسترس و هدفمند انتخاب شدند و به سؤالات پرسش‌نامه‌های هویت جنسی و هوش اجتماعی، پرخاشگری و گرایش به اعتیاد پاسخ دادند. 60 نوجوان بدون سابقه بازی آنلاین (GTA) به عنوان گروه شاهد در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج دو گروه با استفاده از روش ANCOVA مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.یافته‌ها: متغیر هوش اجتماعی و گرایش به اعتیاد به بازی‌های ویدئویی با توجه به هویت جنسی افراد، بر نوجوانان وابسته به بازی تأثیر داشت (018/0 = P). هرچند که اعتیاد به بازی تأثیرات چندانی را بر هویت‌های مردانگی و زنانگی افراد نشان نداد (809/0 = P).نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می‌رسد اعتیاد به بازی‌های آنلاین ویدئویی، تأثیر معنی‌داری بر هوش اجتماعی و گرایش به اعتیاد نوجوانان دارد؛ در حالی که اثر چندانی بر هویت جنسی آن‌ها نمی‌گذارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

  1. Quan LY, Qi CH, Qi SS. The correlation of video games with positive affect and negative affect among Utar (Perak Campus) undergraduate students [Research Project]. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: University Tunku Abdul Rahman; 2015.
  2. Festl R, Scharkow M, Quandt T. Problematic computer game use among adolescents, younger and older adults. Addiction 2013; 108(3): 592-9.
  3. Rollings A, Adams E, Adams EW. Andrew rollings and Ernest Adams on game design. Indianapolis, IN: New Riders; 2003.
  4. Hollingdale J, Greitemeyer T. The effect of online violent video games on levels of aggression. PLoS One 2014; 9(11): e111790.
  5. van Duuren. Different PEGI age labels and their effecton aggressive affect, aggressive cognition and arousal [MSc Thesis]. Enschede, Netherlands: University of Twente; 2010.
  6. Laczniak RN, Carlson L, Walker D, Brocato ED. Parental restrictive mediation and children's violent video game play: the effectiveness of the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) rating system. J Public Policy Mark 2017; 36(1): 70-8.
  7. Stocker CM, Masarik AS, Widaman KF, Reeb BT, Boardman JD, Smolen A, et al. Parenting and adolescents' psychological adjustment: Longitudinal moderation by adolescents' genetic sensitivity. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 29(4): 1289-304.
  8. Combs SB. Video games and violence: A content analysis of print advertisements and internet trailers. Tuscaloosa, AL: Department of Telecommunication and Film, The Graduate School, The University of Alabama; 2010.
  9. Ruzic-Baf M, Strnak H, Debeljuh A. Online video games and young people. International Journal of Research in Education and Science 2016; 2(1): 94-103.
  10. Childcare. Half of parents allow young kids to play 18+ games unsupervised [Online]. [cited 2018]; Available from: URL: https://www.childcare.co.uk/blog/video-games
  11. Nishida A, Richards M, Stafford M. Prospective associations between adolescent mental health problems and positive mental wellbeing in early old age. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2016; 10: 12.
  12. Shao YJ, Zheng T, Wang YQ, Liu L, Chen Y, Yao YS. Internet addiction detection rate among college students in the People's Republic of China: A meta-analysis. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2018; 12: 25.
  13. Somerville LH. Special issue on the teenage brain: Sensitivity to social evaluation. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2013; 22(2): 121-7.
  14. Christofferson JP. How is social networking sites effecting teen's social and emotional development: A systemic review. Paul, MN: St. Catherine University: 2016.
  15. Smith LJ, Gradisar M, King DL. Parental influences on adolescent video game play: A study of accessibility, rules, limit setting, monitoring, and cybersafety. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2015; 18(5): 273-9.
  16. Wartberg L, Kriston L, Kramer M, Schwedler A, Lincoln TM, Kammerl R. Internet gaming disorder in early adolescence: Associations with parental and adolescent mental health. Eur Psychiatry 2017; 43: 14-8.
  17. Chen KH, Oliffe JL, Kelly MT. Internet gaming disorder: An emergent health issue for men. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12(4): 1151-9.
  18. Hellstrom C, Nilsson KW, Leppert J, Aslund C. Effects of adolescent online gaming time and motives on depressive, musculoskeletal, and psychosomatic symptoms. Ups J Med Sci 2015; 120(4): 263-75.
  19. Dong G, Potenza MN. A cognitive-behavioral model of Internet gaming disorder: theoretical underpinnings and clinical implications. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 58: 7-11.
  20. Eysenck HJ, Eysenck SBG. Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Junior and Adult). London, UK: Hodder and Stoughton; 1975.
  21. Eysenck HU, Wilson G. Self-Knowledge. Trans. Ghahreman S. Tehran, Iran: Shabaviz Publications; 1985. [In Persian].
  22. Schertzer S, Laufer D, Silvera D, McBride J. A cross-cultural validation of a gender role identity scale in marketing. Int MarkRev 2008; 25(3): 312-23.
  23. Silvera DH, Martinussen M, Dahl TI. The Tromso Social Intelligence Scale, a self-report measure of social intelligence. Scand J Psychol 2001; 42(4): 313-9.
  24. Rezaei A, Khalilzadeh A. The relationship between social intelligence managers with job satisfaction of teachers in schools. Journal of Instruction and Evaluation 2009; 2(7): 121-45. [In Persian].
  25. Botvin GJ, Griffin KW. Life skills training: Empirical findings and future directions. J Prim Prev 2004; 25(2): 211-32.
  26. Mirhesamie SH. Investigating the role of the family in the tendency of young people and adolescents to addiction [MSc Thesis]. Payame Noor University; 2009. [In Persian].
  27. Vernadakis N, Papastergiou M, Zetou E, Antoniou P. The impact of an exergame-based intervention on children's fundamental motor skills. Comput Educ 2015; 83: 90-102.
  28. Jelsma D, Geuze RH, Mombarg R, Smits-Engelsman BC. The impact of Wii Fit intervention on dynamic balance control in children with probable Developmental Coordination Disorder and balance problems. Hum Mov Sci 2014; 33: 404-18.
  29. Ghobadi N, Ghadiri F, Yaali R, Movahedi A. The effect of active video game (Xbox Kinect) on static and dynamic balance in children with autism spectrum disorders. J Res Rehabil Sci 2019; 15(1): 13-9. [In Persian].
  30. Redmond D. The effect of video games on family communication and interaction [MSc Thesis]. Ames, IA: Iowa State University; 2010.
  31. Chai SL, Chen VH-H, Khoo A. Social relationships of gamers and their parents. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 2011; 30: 1237-41.
  32. DeCamp W. Parental influence on youth violent video game use. Soc Sci Res 2019; 82: 195-203.
  33. Mehroof M, Griffiths MD. Online gaming addiction: The role of sensation seeking, self-control, neuroticism, aggression, state anxiety, and trait anxiety. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2010; 13(3): 313-6.
  34. Jo YS, Bhang SY, Choi JS, Lee HK, Lee SY, Kweon YS. Clinical characteristics of diagnosis for internet gaming disorder: Comparison of DSM-5 IGD and ICD-11 GD Diagnosis. J Clin Med 2019; 8(7): 945.
  35. Baker CJ. Video Games: Their effect on society and how we must modernize our pedagogy for students of the digital age [MSc Thsis]. Richmond, VA: Virginia Commonwealth University; 2014.
  36. Bender PK, Gentile DA. Internet gaming disorder: Relations between needs satisfaction in-game and in life in general. Psychol Pop Media 2020; 9(2): 266-78.
  37. Schmitz B, Klemke R, Specht M. Effects of mobile gaming patterns on learning outcomes: A literature review. Int J Technol Enhanc Learn 2012; 4(5-6): 345-58.
  38. Stavropoulos V, Adams BLM, Beard CL, Dumble E, Trawley S, Gomez R, et al. Associations between attention deficit hyperactivity and internet gaming disorder symptoms: Is there consistency across types of symptoms, gender and countries? Addict Behav Rep 2019; 9: 100158.
  39. Przybylski AK, Weinstein N, Murayama K. Internet gaming disorder: investigating the clinical relevance of a new phenomenon. Am J Psychiatry 2017; 174(3): 230-6.
  40. UKEssays. Impact of Video Games on Society [Online]. [Cited 2018 Nov]; Available from: URL: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/media/video-gaming-and-its-impact-on-society-media-essay.php?vref=1
  41. Cherry K. How Observational Learning Affects Behavior [Online]. [cited 2019 Sep 6]; Available from: URL: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-observational-learning-2795402
  42. Frontiers. Video games can change your brain: Studies investigating how playing video games can affect the brain have shown that they can cause changes in many brain regions [Online]. [cited 2017 Jun 22]; Available from: URL: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/06/170622103824.htm
  43. von der Heiden JM, Braun B, Muller KW, Egloff B. The association between video gaming and psychological functioning. Front Psychol 2019; 10: 1731.
  44. Wartberg L, Kriston L, Thomasius R. The prevalence and psychosocial correlates of internet gaming disorder. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2017; 114(25): 419-24.
  45. Przybylski AK, Weinstein N. Violent video game engagement is not associated with adolescents' aggressive behaviour: Evidence from a registered report. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6(2): 171474.
  46. Marion T, Amjad M. Video Gaming as a Factor That Affects Academic Performance in Grade Nine. 2018.
  47. Stockdale L, Coyne SM. Video game addiction in emerging adulthood: Cross-sectional evidence of pathology in video game addicts as compared to matched healthy controls. J Affect Disord 2018; 225: 265-72.