Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences

The Effect of Quite Eye Training with Self-Control and Variable-Constant Organization on Learning and Performance of Badminton Backhand Low Service in Student Novice Girls

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

1 PhD Student, Department of Motor Behavior and Psychology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Alborz Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Motor Behavior and Psychology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

10.22122/jrrs.v14i3.3220

Abstract

Introduction: Quiet eye had been introduced as a period of extended gaze fixation in many targeting tasks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of quiet eye training with self-control and constant-variable body organization on performance and learning badminton low backhand service in the student novice girls.Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 19 girl students of physical education in University of Tehran, Iran, were selected using convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of self-control (n = 9) and constant-variable (n = 10). The task intention was badminton backhand low service. In order to measure the accuracy of backhand low service, we used French short serve standard five test, and to record the visual data, Ergonear Eye Tracking test was used. The day after the pretest, participants took part in 3 sections of acquisition (8 blocks with 15 trails, a total of 360 trails), and 48 hours after the acquisition test, the test of retention and transfer was executed. The data were analyzed using Mixed ANOVA test of 2 × 4 at performance and 2 × 3 during the period of the quiet eye at a significance level of P ≥ 0.050.Results: Quiet eye duration showed a significant increase in both groups from pretest to retention (P ≥ 0.001). Therefore, it can be noted that both methods of practice had a positive effect on the quiet eye duration. However, in the accuracy performance, there was no significant different between the groups (P = 0.374) and within the groups (P = 0.890).Conclusion: It seems that the organization of constant-variable and self-control exercises has similar effects on the accuracy and quiet eye duration.

Keywords

  1. Land MF. Vision, eye movements, and natural behavior. Vis Neurosci 2009; 26(1): 51-62.
  2. Vickers JN. Advances in coupling perception and action: The quiet eye as a bidirectional link between gaze, attention, and action. Prog Brain Res 2009; 174: 279-88.
  3. Land WM, Frank C, Schack T. The influence of attentional focus on the development of skill representation in a complex action. Psychol Sport Exerc 2014; 15(1): 30-8.
  4. Starkes JL, Ericsson KA. Expert performance in sports: Advances in research on sport expertise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2003. p. 469.
  5. Frank C, Land WM, Schack T. Perceptual-cognitive changes during motor learning: the influence of mental and physical practice on mental representation, gaze behavior, and performance of a complex action. Front Psychol 2015; 6: 1981.
  6. Vine SJ, Moore LJ, Wilson MR. Quiet eye training: The acquisition, refinement and resilient performance of targeting skills. Eur J Sport Sci 2014; 14(Suppl 1): S235-S242.
  7. Vickers JN. Perception, cognition, and decision training: The quiet eye in action. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2007. p. 267.
  8. Vickers JN. The quiet eye: Origins, controversies, and future directions. Kinesiol Rev 2016; 5(2): 119-28.
  9. Gonzalez CC, Causer J, Miall RC, Grey MJ, Humphreys G, Williams AM. Identifying the causal mechanisms of the quiet eye. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17(1): 74-84.
  10. Causer J, Bennett SJ, Holmes PS, Janelle CM, Williams AM. Quiet eye duration and gun motion in elite shotgun shooting. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42(8): 1599-608.
  11. Causer J, Holmes PS, Williams AM. Quiet eye training in a visuomotor control task. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43(6): 1042-9.
  12. Vickers JN. Visual control when aiming at a far target. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1996; 22(2): 342-54.
  13. Rienhoff R, Fischer L, Strauss B, Baker J, Schorer J. Focus of attention influences quiet-eye behavior: An exploratory investigation of different skill levels in female basketball players. Sport Exerc Perform Psychol 2015; 4(1): 62-74.
  14. Vine SJ, Wilson MR. The influence of quiet eye training and pressure on attention and visuo-motor control. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2011; 136(3): 340-6.
  15. Klostermann A, Kredel R, Hossner EJ. On the interaction of attentional focus and gaze: the quiet eye inhibits focus-related performance decrements. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2014; 36(4): 392-400.
  16. Panchuk D, Farrow D, Meyer T. How can novel task constraints be used to induce acute changes in gaze behaviour? J Sports Sci 2014; 32(12): 1196-201.
  17. Vine S, Moore L, Cooke A, Ring C, Wilson M. Quiet eye training: A means to implicit motor learning. Int J Sport Psychol 2013; 44(4): 367-86.
  18. Rienhoff R, Baker J, Fischer L, Strauss B, Schorer J. Field of vision influences sensory-motor control of skilled and less-skilled dart players. J Sports Sci Med 2012; 11(3): 542-50.
  19. Nibbeling N, Oudejans RuRD, Daanen HAM. Effects of anxiety, a cognitive secondary task, and expertise on gaze behavior and-aperformance in a far aiming task. Psychol Sport Exerc 2012; 13(4): 427-35.
  20. Wood G, Wilson MR. Quiet-eye training for soccer penalty kicks. Cogn Process 2011; 12(3): 257-66.
  21. Piras A, Vickers JN. The effect of fixation transitions on quiet eye duration and performance in the soccer penalty kick: instep versus inside kicks. Cogn Process 2011; 12(3): 245-55.
  22. Wood G, Wilson MR. Quiet-eye training, perceived control and performing under pressure. Psychol Sport Exerc 2012; 13(6): 721-8.
  23. Williams AM, Singer RN, Frehlich SG. Quiet eye duration, expertise, and task complexity in near and far aiming tasks. J Mot Behav 2002; 34(2): 197-207.
  24. Klostermann A, Hossner EJ. The quiet eye and motor expertise: Explaining the "Efficiency Paradox". Front Psychol 2018; 9: 104.
  25. Chia SJ, Chow JY, Kawabata M, Dicks M, Lee M. An exploratory analysis of variations in quiet eye duration within and between levels of expertise. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol 2017; 15(3): 221-35.
  26. Klostermann A, Kredel R, Hossner EJ. The "quiet eye" and motor performance: Task demands matter! J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2013; 39(5): 1270-8.
  27. Horn RR, Okumura MS, Alexander MG, Gardin FA, Sylvester CT. Quiet eye duration is responsive to variability of practice and to the axis of target changes. Res Q Exerc Sport 2012; 83(2): 204-11.
  28. Schmidt RA, Wrisberg CA. Motor learning and performance: A situation-based learning approach. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2008. p. 395.
  29. Schmidt RA, Lee TD. Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis. 5th ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2011. p. 581.
  30. Lessa HT, Chiviacowsky S. Self-controlled practice benefits motor learning in older adults. Hum Mov Sci 2015; 40: 372-80.
  31. Sanli EA, Patterson JT, Bray SR, Lee TD. Understanding self-controlled motor learning protocols through the self-determination theory. Front Psychol 2012; 3: 611.
  32. Guadagnoli MA, Lee TD. Challenge point: A framework for conceptualizing the effects of various practice conditions in motor learning. J Mot Behav 2004; 36(2): 212-24.
  33. Deveau J, Ozer DJ, Seitz AR. Improved vision and on-field performance in baseball through perceptual learning. Curr Biol 2014; 24(4): R146-R147.
  34. Woodward M. Badmintion coach Education coache's manual. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Badminton Federation; 2011. p. 249.
  35. Abdoli B, Shams A, Farrokhi A. The effect of contextual interference and practice type (physical, observational and mixed) on learning of short, long and sharp badminton services. Research in Motor Behavior 2013; 1(1): 67-80. [In Persian].
Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences
Volume 14, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
August 2018
Pages 126-133
  • Receive Date: 11 January 2019
  • Revise Date: 26 April 2024
  • Accept Date: 22 May 2022