Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences

Symmetry of Plantar Pressure Distribution and Center of Pressure Excursion Index in Active Female Adolescents with Foot Pronation: A Cross-Sectional Study

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

1 PhD Student, Department of Sports Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Sports Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Biomechanics and Technology, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran

10.48305/jrrs.2023.26559.0

Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to compare the symmetry of the distribution of plantar pressure and the center of pressure excursion index (CPEI) in active female adolescents with and without foot pronation disorder.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 34 physically active female adolescents with and without foot pronation aging 14 to 17 years. The participants were included through convenient sampling. Dominant leg was determined using blindfolded fall test and Waterloo dominant leg questionnaire. Brody method and foot pressure measurement system were used to measure navicular bone position and plantar pressure distribution, respectively. Data distribution was determined by Shapiro-Wilk test and between-group comparison of parameters concerning plantar pressure distribution was conducted using independent t-test at the significance level of α ≥ 0.05.
Results: There was no significant difference in the symmetry of the distribution of plantar pressure and maximal plantar pressure between two groups (P > 0.05); however, among the symmetry indices of decuple maximal plantar pressure zones, the maximal pressure at first metatarsus (P = 0.04) and the medial heel (P = 0.05) was significantly different between groups.
Conclusion: It seems that the symmetry at first metatarsus and medial heel was less in female adolescents with foot pronation disorders compared to that of healthy group. In addition, these girls showed higher pressures at medial heel and first metatarsus probably because of wider contact between the medial region of their foot and the ground. However, the pattern of distribution of plantar pressure and CPEI was almost the same in both groups without significant difference.

Keywords

  1. Hamill J, Knutzen K, Derrick TR. Biomechanical basis of human movement. 3rd Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2009. p. 311-2.
  2. Oatis CA. Kinesiology: The Mechanics and Pathomechanics of Human Movement. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2009.
  3. Dehghani M, Jaafarnejad A, Azizian N, Alavi Mehr SM. Effects of walking with internal and external attention on the balance and plantar pressure pattern in patients with low back pain. J Rehab Med 2019; 8(4): 227-35. [In Persian].
  4. Buldt AK, Forghany S, Landorf KB, Murley GS, Levinger P, Menz HB. Centre of pressure characteristics in normal, planus and cavus feet. J Foot Ankle Res 2018; 11: 3.
  5. Stamm SE, Chiu LZ. Calcaneal plantar flexion during the stance phase of gait. J Appl Biomech 2016; 32(2): 205-9.
  6. Lee SY, Hertel J. Effect of static foot alignment on plantar-pressure measures during running. J Sport Rehabil 2012; 21(2): 137-43.
  7. Putti AB, Arnold GP, Cochrane LA, Abboud RJ. Normal pressure values and repeatability of the Emed ST4 system. Gait Posture 2008; 27(3): 501-5.
  8. Emami A, Hadadnezhad M, Svoboda Z, Abbasi A. Effect of technique correction protocol on hamstring muscle activity following fatigue protocol in patients with pronation. Jundishapur Sci Med J 2020; 19(1): 53-68. [In Persian].
  9. Golchini A, Rahnama N, Lotfi Foroushani M. Effect of corrective exercises with a new approach on the isometric strength in people with pronation distortion syndrome. Journal of Paramedical Sciences and Rehabilitation 2021; 9(4): 41-60. [In Persian].
  10. Jahani MR, Jalalvand A. A study to evaluate spatial, temporal, distance running parameters in man patients of flat foot. Beyhagh 2019; 24(4): 25-35. [In Persian].
  11. Jafarnezhadgero A, Ghane G, Valizadeh Orang A, Mokhtari Malek Abadi A. A comparison of planatar pressure variables during three differntrunning patterns in pronated feet individuals with and withoutlow back pain. J Anesth Pain 2020; 11(3): 77-87. [In Persian].
  12. Beinabaji H, Anbarian M, Sokhangouei Y. The effect of flat foot on lower limb muscles activity pattern and plantar pressure characteristics during walking. J Res Rehabil Sci 2012; 8(8Suppl):1328-41. [In Persian].
  13. Zulkifli SS, Loh WP. A state-of-the-art review of foot pressure. Foot Ankle Surg 2020; 26(1): 25-32.
  14. Farjad-Pezeshk A, Sadeghi H, Farzadi M. Comparison of plantar pressure distribution and vertical ground reaction force between dominant and none-dominant limb in healthy subjects using principle component analysis (PCA) technique. J Rehab 2013; 14(1): 91-102. [In Persian].
  15. Memar R, Ghasempour H, Farjad Pezeshk SA, Shirazikhah M. the symmetry in the selected plantar pressure distribution parameters of the elderly subject with lower limb discrepancy (LLD). Salmand Iran J Ageing 2012; 7(3): 38-44. [In Persian].
  16. Onodera AN, Sacco IC, Morioka EH, Souza PS, de Sa MR, Amadio AC. What is the best method for child longitudinal plantar arch assessment and when does arch maturation occur? Foot (Edinb) 2008; 18(3): 142-9.
  17. Nguyen AD, Shultz SJ. Sex differences in clinical measures of lower extremity alignment. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2007; 37(7): 389-98.
  18. Tohidinezhad F, Khorsand A, Zakavi SR, Rezvani R, Zarei-Ghanavati S, Abrishami M, et al. The burden and predisposing factors of non-communicable diseases in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences personnel: A prospective 15-year organizational cohort study protocol and baseline assessment. BMC Public Health 2020; 20(1): 1637.
  19. Perttunen JR, Anttila E, Sodergard J, Merikanto J, Komi PV. Gait asymmetry in patients with limb length discrepancy. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2004; 14(1): 49-56.
  20. Lythgo N, Wilson C, Galea MP. Gait symmetry in school-aged children and young adults whilst walking at slow, normal and fast speeds. Proceedings of the 6th World Congress of Biomechanics (WCB 2010); 2010 Aug 1-6; Singapore.
Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences
Volume 17, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
April 2021
Pages 53-61