Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences

Cross-Modal Plasticity in Auditory and Visual Systems

Document Type : Review Articles

Authors

1 Academic Member, Department of Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Academic Member, Department of Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

10.22122/jrrs.v10i8.1608

Abstract

Introduction: Neuro-plasticity is the neuronal system ability to modify and recover itself after the occurrence of impairment and injuries. Following the abolition of a sensory modality, modifications will be applied to other modalities and their cortical function in a way that the processing of these modalities not only will happen in their own specific cortical area, but also in those areas that have developed injuries. Therefore a compensatory process will happen in the regions, which are deprived of their own sensory inputs. This phenomenon is known as cross-modal plasticity. This paper investigates various aspects of cross- modal plasticitycity between auditory and visual systems, and the latest scientific findings in this field are explored.Material and Methods: Scientific articles published in Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct websites using key words Cross-modal plasticity and Auditory, Neuronal plasticity and Visual, Neuronal plasticity between 1980 and 2013 were investigated.Results: Ninety five articles were found using the mentioned methods. All titles and abstracts were studied thoroughly, and 70 articles with the desired concept were selected eventually.Conclusion:  The extent of cross-modal plasticity is related to the age at which the deprivation of a certain sense occurs. In blind people, Auditory and Somatosensory senses take up the occipital space, and result in the augmentation of hearing, recalling memories, spatial localization, musical understanding and reading Braille. In deaf people on the other hand, visual and somatosensory occupy parts of the temporal lobe and result in improvement of peripheral visual signals processing, and enhancement of tactile sense, and active movements.Key Words: Neuronal plasticity, Auditory, Visual, Cross-modal  plasticity

  1. Charroo-Ruiz LE, Perez-Abalo MC, Hernandez MC, Alvarez B, Bermejo B, Bermejo S, et al. Cross-modal plasticity in Cuban visually-impaired child cochlear implant candidates: topography of somatosensory evoked potentials. MEDICC Rev 2012; 14(2): 23-9.
  2. Bavelier D, Neville HJ. Cross-modal plasticity: where and how? Nature reviews Neuroscience. 2002;3(6): 443-52.
  3. Doucet ME, Bergeron F, Lassonde M, Ferron P, Lepore F. Cross-modal reorganization and speech perception in cochlear implant users. Brain 2006; 129(Pt 12): 3376-83.
  4. Kral A. Unimodal and cross-modal plasticity in the 'deaf' auditory cortex. Int J Audiol 2007; 46(9): 479-93.
  5. Shimojo S, Shams L. Sensory modalities are not separate modalities: plasticity and interactions. Curr opin neurobiol 2001; 11(4): 505-9.
  6. Collignon O, Voss P, Lassonde M, Lepore F. Cross-modal plasticity for the spatial processing of sounds in visually deprived subjects. Exp brainRes 2009; 192(3): 343-58.
  7. Finney EM, Fine I, Dobkins KR. Visual stimuli activate auditory cortex in the deaf. Nat Neurosci 2001;4(12): 1171-3.
  8. Meredith MA, Keniston LP, Allman BL. Multisensory dysfunction accompanies crossmodal plasticity following adult hearing impairment. Neuroscience 2012; 214: 136-48.
  9. Sadato N, Okada T, Honda M, Yonekura Y. Critical period for cross-modal plasticity in blind humans: a functional MRI study. Neuroimage 2002; 16(2): 389-400.
  10. Sathian K. Visual cortical activity during tactile perception in the sighted and the visually deprived. Dev psychobiol 2005; 46(3): 279-86.
  11. Van Boven RW, Hamilton RH, Kauffman T, Keenan JP, Pascual-Leone A. Tactile spatial resolution in blind braille readers. Neurology 2000; 54(12): 2230-6.
  12. Amedi A, Raz N, Pianka P, Malach R, Zohary E. Early 'visual' cortex activation correlates with superior verbal memory performance in the blind. Nature neuroscience 2003; 6(7): 758-66.
  13. Weeks R, Horwitz B, Aziz-Sultan A, Tian B, Wessinger CM, Cohen LG, et al. A positron emission tomographic study of auditory localization in the congenitally blind. J Neurosci 2000; 20(7): 2664-72.
  14. Arno P, De Volder AG, Vanlierde A, Wanet-Defalque MC, Streel E, Robert A , et al. Occipital activation by pattern recognition in the early blind using auditory substitution for vision. NeuroImage 2001; 13(4): 632-45.
  15. Burton H, Snyder AZ, Diamond JB, Raichle ME. Adaptive changes in early and late blind: a FMRI study of verb generation to heard nouns. J Neurophysiol 2002; 88(6): 3359-71.
  16. Röder B, Demuth L, Streb J, Rösler F. Semantic and morpho-syntactic priming in auditory word recognition in congenitally blind adults. Language and Cognitive Processes 2003; 18(1): 1-20.
  17. Bull R, Rathborn H, Clifford BR. The voice-recognition accuracy of blind listeners. Perception 1983; 12(2): 223-6.
  18. Roder B, Rosler F, Neville HJ. Auditory memory in congenitally blind adults: a behavioral-electrophysiological investigation. Brain res Cogn brain res 2001; 11(2): 289-303.
  19. Rauschecker JP. Cortical plasticity and music. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 930: 330-6.
  20. Voss P, Lassonde M, Gougoux F, Fortin M, Guillemot JP, Lepore F. Early- and late-onset blind individuals show supra-normal auditory abilities in far-space. Curr biol 2004; 14(19): 1734-8.
  21. Sadato N, Pascual-Leone A, Grafman J, Ibanez V, Deiber MP, Dold G, et al. Activation of the primary visual cortex by Braille reading in blind subjects. Nature 1996; 380(6574): 526-8.
  22. Cohen LG, Weeks RA, Sadato N, Celnik P, Ishii K, Hallett M. Period of susceptibility for cross-modal plasticity in the blind. Ann Neurol 1999; 45(4): 451-60.
  23. Parasnis I, Samar VJ. Parafoveal attention in congenitally deaf and hearing young adults. Brain Cogn 1985; 4(3): 313-27.
  24. Kara A, Hakan Ozturk A, Kurtoglu Z, Umit Talas D, Aktekin M, Saygili M, et al. Morphometric comparison of the human corpus callosum in deaf and hearing subjects: an MRI study. J Neuroradiol 2006; 33(3): 158-63.
  25. Neville HJ, Lawson D. Attention to central and peripheral visual space in a movement detection task: an event-related potential and behavioral study. II. Congenitally deaf adults. Brain Res 1987; 405(2): 268-83.
  26. Lambertz N, Gizewski ER, de Greiff A, Forsting M. Cross-modal plasticity in deaf subjects dependent on the extent of hearing loss. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2005; 25(3): 884-90.
  27. Brozinsky CJ, Bavelier D. Motion velocity thresholds in deaf signers: changes in lateralization but not in overall sensitivity. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2004; 21(1):1-10.
  28. Heming JE, Brown LN. Sensory temporal processing in adults with early hearing loss. Brain Cognition 2005; 59(2): 173-82.
  29. Bavelier D, Dye MWG, Hauser PC. Do deaf individuals see better? Trends cogn sci 2006;10(11): 512-8.
  30. Proksch J, Bavelier D. Changes in the spatial distribution of visual attention after early deafness. J cogn Neurosci 2002; 14(5): 687-701.
  31. Levanen S, Hamdorf D. Feeling vibrations: enhanced tactile sensitivity in congenitally deaf humans. Neurosci lett 2001; 301(1): 75-7.
  32. Auer ET Jr , Bernstein LE, Sungkarat W, Singh M. Vibrotactile activation of the auditory cortices in deaf versus hearing adults. Neuroreport 2007; 18(7): 645-8.
  33. Bavelier D, Brozinsky C, Tomann A, Mitchell T, Neville H, Liu G. Impact of early deafness and early exposure to sign language on the cerebral organization for motion processing. J Neurosci 2001; 21(22): 8931-42.
  34. Bavelier D, Tomann A, Hutton C, Mitchell T, Corina D, Liu G, et al. Visual attention to the periphery is enhanced in congenitally deaf individuals. J Neurosci 2000; 20(17): RC93.
  35. Neville HJ, Schmidt A, Kutas M. Altered visual-evoked potentials in congenitally deaf adults. Brain Res 1983; 266(1): 127-32.
  36. Ball KK, Beard BL, Roenker DL, Miller RL, Griggs DS. Age and visual search: expanding the useful field of view. J Opt Soc Am A 1988; 5(12): 2210-9.
  37. Quittner AL, Leibach P, Marciel K. The impact of cochlear implants on young deaf children: new methods to assess cognitive and behavioral development. Arch otolaryngol Head neck Surg 2004; 130(5): 547-54.
  38. Kral A, Schroder JH, Klinke R, Engel AK. Absence of cross-modal reorganization in the primary auditory cortex of congenitally deaf cats. Exp Brain Res 2003;153(4): 605-13.
  39. Buckley KA, Tobey EA. Cross-modal plasticity and speech perception in pre- and postlingually deaf cochlear implant users. Ear Hear 2011;32(1): 2-15.
  40. Kral A, Eggermont JJ. What's to lose and what's to learn: development under auditory deprivation, cochlear implants and limits of cortical plasticity. Brain res Rev 2007; 56(1): 259-69.
  41. Green KM, Julyan PJ, Hastings DL, Ramsden RT. Auditory cortical activation and speech perception in cochlear implant users: effects of implant experience and duration of deafness. Hear Res 2005; 205(1-2): 184-92.
  42. Lomber SG, Meredith MA, Kral A. Cross-modal plasticity in specific auditory cortices underlies visual compensations in the deaf. Nat Neurosci 2010; 13(11): 1421-7.
  43. Kral A, Tillein J, Heid S, Klinke R, Hartmann R. Cochlear implants: cortical plasticity in congenital deprivation. Prog Brain Res 2006; 157: 283-313.
  44. Merabet LB, Pascual-Leone A. Neural reorganization following sensory loss: the opportunity of change. Nat Rev Neurosci 2010; 11(1): 44-52.
  45. Boatman DF, Lesser RP, Crone NE, Krauss G, Lenz FA, Miglioretti DL. Speech recognition impairments in patients with intractable right temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2006; 47(8): 1397-401.
  46. Liikkanen LA, Tiitinen H, Alku P, Leino S, Yrttiaho S, May PJ. The right-hemispheric auditory cortex in humans is sensitive to degraded speech sounds. Neuroreport 2007; 18(6): 601-5.
  47. Meyer M, Alter K, Friederici AD, Lohmann G, von Cramon DY. FMRI reveals brain regions mediating slow prosodic modulations in spoken sentences. Hum Brain Mapp 2002; 17(2): 73-88.
  48. Friederici AD, Alter K. Lateralization of auditory language functions: a dynamic dual pathway model. Brain Lang 2004; 89(2): 267-76.
  49. McFeely WJ, Jr., Antonelli PJ, Rodriguez FJ, Holmes AE. Somatosensory phenomena after multichannel cochlear implantation in prelingually deaf adults. Am J Otol 1998; 19(4): 467-71.
  50. Gantz BJ, Tyler RS, Woodworth GG, Tye-Murray N, Fryauf-Bertschy H. Results of multichannel cochlear implants in congenital and acquired prelingual deafness in children: five-year follow-up. Am J otol 1994; 15(Suppl 2):1-7.
  51. Nikolopoulos TP, O'Donoghue GM, Archbold S. Age at implantation: its importance in pediatric cochlear implantation. Laryngoscope 1999; 109(4): 595-9.
  52. Richter B, Eissele S, Laszig R, Lohle E. Receptive and expressive language skills of 106 children with a minimum of 2 years' experience in hearing with a cochlear implant. Int J pediatr otorhinolaryngolo 2002; 64(2): 111-25.
  53. Tyler R, Parkinson AJ, Fryauf-Bertchy H, Lowder MW, Parkinson WS, Gantz BJ, et al. Speech perception by prelingually deaf children and postlingually deaf adults with cochlear implant. Scand Audiol Suppl 1997; 46: 65-71.
  54. Pulsifer MB, Salorio CF, Niparko JK. Developmental, audiological, and speech perception functioning in children after cochlear implant surgery. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003; 157(6): 552-8.
  55. Zwolan TA, Ashbaugh CM, Alarfaj A, Kileny PR, Arts HA, El-Kashlan HK, et al. Pediatric cochlear implant patient performance as a function of age at implantation. Otol Neurotolo 2004; 25(2): 112-20.
  56. Hamzavi J, Baumgartner WD, Pok SM, Franz P, Gstoettner W. Variables affecting speech perception in postlingually deaf adults following cochlear implantation. Acta otolaryngol 2003; 123(4): 493-8.
  57. Kelly AS, Purdy SC, Thorne PR. Electrophysiological and speech perception measures of auditory processing in experienced adult cochlear implant users. Clin Neurophysiol 2005; 116(6): 1235-46.
  58. Colletti V, Carner M, Miorelli V, Guida M, Colletti L, Fiorino FG. Cochlear implantation at under 12 months: report on 10 patients. Laryngoscope 2005; 115(3): 445-9.
  59. Robinson K. Implications of developmental plasticity for the language acquisition of deaf children with cochlear implants. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1998; 46(1-2): 71-80.
  60. Busby PA, Tong YC, Clark GM. Electrode position, repetition rate, and speech perception by early- and late-deafened cochlear implant patients. J Acoust Soc Am 1993;93(2): 1058-67.
  61. Lee HJ, Kang E, Oh SH, Kang H, Lee DS, Lee MC, et al. Preoperative differences of cerebral metabolism relate to the outcome of cochlear implants in congenitally deaf children. Hear Res 2005; 203(1-2): 2-9.
  62. Dorman MF, Sharma A, Gilley P, Martin K, Roland P. Central auditory development: evidence from CAEP measurements in children fit with cochlear implants. J Commun Disord 2007; 40(4): 284-94.
  63. Sharma A, Dorman MF. Central auditory development in children with cochlear implants: clinical implications. Adv otorhinolaryngol 2006; 64: 66-88.
  64. Sharma A, Nash AA, Dorman M. Cortical development, plasticity and re-organization in children with cochlear implants. J Commun Disord 2009; 42(4): 272-9.
  65. Kral A, Sharma A.Developmental neuroplasticity after cochlear implantation. Trends Neurosci 2012; 35(2): 111-22.
  66. Huttenlocher PR, Dabholkar AS. Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. J comp neurol 1997; 387(2): 167-78.
  67. Maurer J, Collet L, Pelster H, Truy E, Gallego S. Auditory late cortical response and speech recognition in Digisonic cochlear implant users. Laryngoscope 2002; 112(12): 2220-4.
  68. Lee DS, Lee JS, Oh SH, Kim SK, Kim JW, Chung JK , et al. Cross-modal plasticity and cochlear implants. Nature 2001; 409(6817): 149-50.
  69. Lee JS, Lee DS, Oh SH, Kim CS, Kim JW, Hwang CH, et al. PET evidence of neuroplasticity in adult auditory cortex of postlingual deafness. J Nucl Med 2003; 44(9): 1435-9.
  70. Lee HJ, Giraud AL, Kang E, Oh SH, Kang H, Kim CS, et al. Cortical activity at rest predicts cochlear implantation outcome. Cereb cortex 2007; 17(4): 909-17.
Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences
Volume 10, Issue 8 - Serial Number 8
March 2015
Pages 948-63