The Relationship of Daily Spiritual Experience with Self-Care among the Elderly in Gonbad-e-Kavos City, Iran, in 2017

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

10.22122/jrrs.v14i5.3279

Abstract

Introduction: With the aging, changes will occur in the health dimensions of elderly. Due to these changes, the elderly is prone to damage and decreased quality of life. As a result, health promotion behaviors become more important. Religion and spirituality can have a positive impact on mental and physical health. As age grows, religious beliefs and spiritual health also increase. Similarly, the adherence to religious beliefs and instructions increases the motivation of the individual to create and strengthen self-care behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between daily spiritual experiences and self-care among the elderly.Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 200 elderly people in Gonbad-e-Kavos City, Iran, in year 2017, using non-random sampling method. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire of daily spiritual experiences and a self-care questionnaire for the elderly. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, and independent t tests.Results: The mean scores of spiritual experiences and self-care among the elderly were 81.31 ± 9.63 and 51.97 ± 5.22, respectively. There was not any significant relationship between the two variables based on the Pearson correlation coefficient (P = 0.91). There was a significant difference between the daily spiritual experiences and job (P = 0.007), as well as between the self-care and marital status (P = 0.020).Conclusion: The level of spiritual well-being was high among the elderly; and considering their religious culture and beliefs, we can help them to improve their quality of life by identifying and strengthening their spiritual needs.

Keywords

  1. Hekmatipour N, Hojjati H, Farhadi S, Sharifnia S, Manouchehr B, Kouchaki G, et al. Effect of a regular exercise program on self-consistency and life satisfaction among elderly in Gorgan and Gonbad (2011). Journal of Geriatric Nursing 2014; 1(1): 73-82. [In Persian].
  2. Fujiwara E, Otsuka K, Sakai A, Hoshi K, Sekiai S, Kamisaki M, et al. Usefulness of reminiscence therapy for community mental health. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 66(1): 74-9.
  3. World Health Organization. Census 2012. Available from: http: //www.webda.ir/index.aspx.
  4. Samadifard H, Narimani M. Prediction of death anxiety of elderly based on mindfulness and irrational beliefs. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing 2017; 5(3): 15-21. [In Persian].
  5. Akhoondzadeh G, Akhoondzadeh J. Effectiveness of memory recall on memory performance of elderly. Journal of Geriatric Nursing 2014; 1(1): 64-72. [In Persian].
  6. Hinkle J, Cheever K, Tingberg B, Bredlöv B, et al. On the web. Nursing made Incredibly Easy. 2010.
  7. Hindle A, Coates A. Nursing care of older people. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2011.
  8. Rostami M, Baraz Pordanjani S, Farzianpour F, Rasekh A. Effect of Orem self care model on elderies' quality of life in health care centers of Masjed Solaiman in 2007-2008. J Arak Univ Med Sci 2009; 12(2): 51-9. [In Persian].
  9. Salimi F, Garmaroudi G, Hosseini S M, Batebi A. Effect of self–care educational program to improving quality of life among elderly referred to health centers in Zanjan. J Educ Community Health 2015; 2(2): 28-37. [In Persian].
  10. Hemmati Maslakpak M. Effect of implementing Orem,s self-care program on the self- esteem of elderlies based in residents of Nursing home in Urmia. Med Surg Nurs J 2012; 1(1): e87445.
  11. Lommi M, Matarese M, Alvaro R, Piredda M, De Marinis MG. The experiences of self-care in community-dwelling older people: A meta-synthesis. Int J Nurs Stud 2015; 52(12): 1854-67.
  12. MacKichan F, Paterson C, Henley WE, Britten N. Self-care in people with long term health problems: A community based survey. BMC Fam Pract 2011; 12: 53.
  13. Hadjizadeh Meimandi M, Barghamadi M. The study of the relationship between religious beliefs performance and life satisfaction among the elderly. Salmand Iran J Ageing 2010; 5 (1): 87-94. [In Persian].
  14. Geary C, Rosenthal SL. Sustained impact of MBSR on stress, well-being, and daily spiritual experiences for 1 year in academic health care employees. J Altern Complement Med 2011; 17(10): 939-44.
  15. Ghaderi D, Mostafaee A. A Study on the relationship between religious orientations and quality of life among elderly men living in nursing homes and those living with their families in Tabriz. Salmand Iran J Ageing 2014; 9(1): 14-21. [In Persian].
  16. Borjaliloo S, Shahidi S, Emami A. Care, everyday experiences and spiritual well-being among the nurses of hospitals in Tehran. Ravanshenasi Va Din 2014; 6(4): 119-32. [In Persian].
  17. Ghasemi Navab A, Moatamedy A, Sohrabi F. Predicting relationship with god, based on the life events, spiritual intelligence and life line drawing in elders. Journal of Health and Care 2015; 17(1): 57-69. [In Persian].
  18. Ghorbanian M, Fesharaki F. Self-care motives in Quran and Hadith. Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine. 2015;6(3):187-97. [article in Persian].
  19. Coats H, Crist JD, Berger A, Sternberg E, Rosenfeld AG. African American elders' serious illness experiences: narratives of "God Did," "God Will," and "Life Is Better". Qual Health Res 2017; 27(5): 634-48.
  20. Khodadadi Sangdeh J, Haghani M, Taheri M, Rezaiee Ahvanuee M, Ranjgar P. The relationship between the hopefulness, daily spiritual experiences and quality of life among the single students 2010-2011. Community Health Journal 2015; 9(2): 38-48. [In Persian].
  21. Roushani K, Naderi F. Spiritual intelligence, social intelligence and death anxiety associations in ahwas metropolitan senile. Journal of Health Psychology 2011; 1(2): 115-29. [In Persian].
  22. Jadidi A, Farahaninia M, Janmohammadi S, Haghani H. the relationship between spiritual well-being and quality of life among elderly people residing in Kahrizak Senior House. Iran J Nurs 2011; 24(72): 48-56. [In Persian].
  23. Hojjati H, Sarbani A, Alimmohammadzadeh K. The relationship between daily spiritual experiences and perceived stress in the spouses of war veterans with post-traumatic stress. J Mil Med 2017; 19(2): 135-42. [In Persian].
  24. Taghavi SHR, Amiri H. Psychoanalysis characteristic investigation Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES). Journal of Islamic Education 2011; 5(10): 149. [In Persian].
  25. Soderhamn U, Bachrach-Lindstrom M, Ek AC. Self-care ability and sense of coherence in older nutritional at-risk patients. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008; 62(1): 96-103.
  26. Hashemlo L, Hemmati Maslakpak M, Khalkhali H. The effect of Orem self-care program performance on the self- care ability in elderly. J Urmia Nurs Midwifery Fac 2013; 11(2): 119-26. [In Persian].
  27. Lee-Poy M, Stewart M, Ryan BL, Brown JB. Asking patients about their religious and spiritual beliefs: Cross-sectional study of family physicians. Can Fam Physician 2016; 62(9): e555-e561.
  28. Ghaderi D. the survey of relationship between religious orientation and happiness among the elderly man and woman in Tehran. Salmand Iran J Ageing 2011; 5(4): 64-71. [In Persian].
  29. Miri MR, Salehiniya H, Tiyuri A, Bahlgerdi M, Taghizadeh AA. Relationship between religious orientation and mental health in older people. Med Hist 2015; 6(21): 83-102. [In Persian].
  30. Stefanaki IN, Shea S, Linardakis M, Symvoulakis EK, Wynyard R, Lionis C. Exploring the association of sense of coherence, and spiritual and religious beliefs in a rural population group on the island of Crete, Greece. Int J Psychiatry Med 2014; 47(3): 207-30.
  31. Kim SS, Hayward RD, Kang Y. Psychological, physical, social, and spiritual well-being similarities between Korean older adults and family caregivers. Geriatr Nurs 2013; 34(1): 35-40.
  32. Khalili Z, Sadrollahi A, Nazari R. Factors related and Spiritual Well-being among elderly referring to city parks of Khalkhal. Iran J Nurs Res 2016; 10(4): 127-35. [In Persian].
  33. Munoz AR, Salsman JM, Stein KD, Cella D. Reference values of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being: A report from the American Cancer Society's studies of cancer survivors. Cancer 2015; 121(11): 1838-44.
  34. Kandasamy A, Chaturvedi SK, Desai G. Spirituality, distress, depression, anxiety, and quality of life in patients with advanced cancer. Indian J Cancer 2011; 48(1): 55-9.
  35. Sadrollahi A, Khalili Z. Spiritual well-being and associated factors among the elderly population in Kashan. Journal of Geriatric Nursing 2015; 1(2): 94-104. [In Persian].
  36. Khalili F, Sum S, Asayesh H. Spiritual health among Isfehanian elderly people. Salmand Iran J Ageing 2013; 8(1): 16-23. [In Persian].
  37. Guo L, Soderhamn U, McCallum J, Ding X, Gao H, Guo Q, et al. Testing and comparing two self-care-related instruments among older Chinese adults. PLoS One 2017; 12(8): e0182792.
  38. Nikdel F, Arabzadeh M, Ghazanfari N. The survey of relationship between Memory Self-efficacy and Hope with Quality of Life in Older Adults of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad in 2016. Journal of Gerontology 2016; 1(2): 19-26. [In Persian].
  39. Azadbakht M, Garmaroodi G, Taheri Tanjani P, Sahaf R, Shojaeizade D, Gheisvandi E. Health promoting self-care behaviors and its related factors in elderly: Application of health belief model. J Educ Community Health 2014; 1(2): 20-9. [In Persian].
  40. Anbari K, Ghanadi K, Kaviani M, Montazeri R. The self care and its related factors in diabetic patients of khorramabad city. Yafteh 2012; 14(4): 49-57. [In Persian].
  41. Foroughan M, Akbarikamrani A, Taraghi Z. Psychosocial factors and self-care behaviors among elderly with chronic heart failure. Iran J Nurs Res 2017; 12(4): 60-7. [In Persian].
  42. Seow LSE, Subramaniam M, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA, Chong SA. Hypertension and its associated risks among Singapore elderly residential population. J Clin Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 6(4): 125-32.
  43. Sundsli K, Soderhamn U, Espnes GA, Soderhamn O. Ability for self-care in urban living older people in southern Norway. J Multidiscip Healthc 2012; 5: 85-95.
  44. Niakan M, Paryad E, Shekholeslam F, Kazemnezhad Leili E, Assadian Rad M, Bonakdar H R, et al. Self care behaviors in patients after myocardial infarction. J Holist Nurs Midwifery 2013; 23(2): 63-70. [In Persian].
  45. Bairami S, Fathi Y, Mohammadinasab S, Barati M, Mohammadi Y. Relationship between self-care behaviors and quality of life among hypertensive patients visiting comprehensive health centers in Hamadan, Iran. J Educ Community Health 2017; 4(1): 20-7. [In Persian].