The Auditory Processing Deficiencies in People Who Stutter: A Narrative Review

Document Type : Review Articles

Authors

1 Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

3 PhD Student AND Lecturer, Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

10.22122/jrrs.v16i0.3540

Abstract

Introduction: Stuttering is a multifactorial disorder. So far, numerous findings have been reported regarding various deficits in auditory processing components in the people who stutter. Despite studies on correlation of auditory processing deficits and stuttering, this assumption has not been proven yet. The purpose of the present study was to investigate and collect the results of studies regarding the auditory processing deficits in the people who stutter.Materials and Methods: This study was a narrative review to collect research on auditory processing deficits in people who stutter. ISI, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and PsycINFO databases were searched to reterive English articles that were published from 1995 to 2020. For studies conducted in Iran in Persian, SID and Magiran databases were searched. “Stuttering”, “auditory feedback processing”, “neurophysiology”, and “brain maturity” were the keywords of interest.Results: In the first stage, 211 articles were found. Finally, after reviewing the inclusion criteria, 86 articles in English and Persian were included. In addition to reviewing articles concerning the existence of auditory processing deficits, the present study emphasized that auditory processing problems in the people who stutter altered the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment approaches.Conclusion: Although there is no evidence of anatomical abnormalities in the auditory system of people who stutter, numerous studies have reported unstable evidence of central impairments in their auditory processing. Neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies showed involvement of the central and peripheral areas of auditory processing.

Keywords

  1. Andrews G, Craig A, Feyer AM, Hoddinott S, Howie P, Neilson M. Stuttering: a review of research findings and theories circa 1982. J Speech Hear Disord 1983; 48(3): 226-46.
  2. Fekar Gharamaleki F, Shahbodaghi M R, Jahan A, Jalayi S. Research paper: Investigation of acoustic characteristics of speech motor control in children who stutter and children who do not Stutter. J Rehab 2016; 17(3): 232-43. [In Persian].
  3. Anderson JM, Hood SB, Sellers DE. Central auditory processing abilities of adolescent and preadolescent stuttering and nonstuttering children. J Fluency Disord 1988; 13(3): 199-214.
  4. Kahjoogh MA, Pishyareh E, Gharamaleki FF, Mohammadi A, Someh AS, Jasemi S, et al. The Son-Rise Programme: an intervention to improve social interaction in children with autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2020; 27(5): 1-8.
  5. Foundas AL, Bollich AM, Feldman J, Corey DM, Hurley M, Lemen LC, et al. Aberrant auditory processing and atypical planum temporale in developmental stuttering. Neurology 2004; 63(9): 1640-6.
  6. King C, Warrier CM, Hayes E, Kraus N. Deficits in auditory brainstem pathway encoding of speech sounds in children with learning problems. Neurosci Lett 2002; 319(2): 111-5.
  7. Brown S, Ingham RJ, Ingham JC, Laird AR, Fox PT. Stuttered and fluent speech production: an ALE meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. Hum Brain Mapp 2005; 25(1): 105-17.
  8. King C, Warrier CM, Hayes E, Kraus N. Deficits in auditory brainstem pathway encoding of speech sounds in children with learning problems. Neurosci Lett 2002; 319(2): 111-5.
  9. Watkins KE, Smith SM, Davis S, Howell P. Structural and functional abnormalities of the motor system in developmental stuttering. Brain 2008; 131(Pt 1): 50-9.
  10. Gough PM, Connally EL, Howell P, Ward D, Chesters J, Watkins KE. Planum temporale asymmetry in people who stutter. J Fluency Disord 2018; 55: 94-105.
  11. Liebetrau RM, Daly DA. Auditory processing and perceptual abilities of "organic" and "functional" stutterers. J Fluency Disord 1981; 6(3): 219-31.
  12. Sowman PF, Ryan M, Johnson BW, Savage G, Crain S, Harrison E, et al. Grey matter volume differences in the left caudate nucleus of people who stutter. Brain Lang 2017; 164: 9-15.
  13. Garnett EO, Chow HM, Nieto-Castanon A, Tourville JA, Guenther FH, Chang SE. Anomalous morphology in left hemisphere motor and premotor cortex of children who stutter. Brain 2018; 141(9): 2670-84.
  14. Cai S, Tourville JA, Beal DS, Perkell JS, Guenther FH, Ghosh SS. Diffusion imaging of cerebral white matter in persons who stutter: evidence for network-level anomalies. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8: 54.
  15. Kell CA, Neumann K, von KK, Posenenske C, von Gudenberg AW, Euler H, et al. How the brain repairs stuttering? Brain 2009; 132(Pt 10): 2747-60.
  16. Wu JC, Maguire G, Riley G, Fallon J, LaCasse L, Chin S, et al. A positron emission tomography [18F] deoxyglucose study of developmental stuttering. Neuroreport 1995; 6(3): 501-5.
  17. Small GR, Wells RG, Schindler T, Chow BJ, Ruddy TD. Advances in cardiac SPECT and PET imaging: overcoming the challenges to reduce radiation exposure and improve accuracy. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29(3): 275-84.
  18. Grabski K, Lamalle L, Vilain C, Schwartz JL, Vallee N, Tropres I, et al. Functional MRI assessment of orofacial articulators: neural correlates of lip, jaw, larynx, and tongue movements. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 33(10): 2306-21.
  19. Neville H, Nicol JL, Barss A, Forster KI, Garrett MF. Syntactically based sentence processing classes: evidence from event-related brain potentials. J Cogn Neurosci 1991; 3(2): 151-65.
  20. Bass P, Jacobsen T, Schroger E. Suppression of the auditory N1 event-related potential component with unpredictable self-initiated tones: Evidence for internal forward models with dynamic stimulation. Int J Psychophysiol 2008; 70(2): 137-43.
  21. Godey B, Schwartz D, de Graaf JB, Chauvel P, Liegeois-Chauvel C. Neuromagnetic source localization of auditory evoked fields and intracerebral evoked potentials: a comparison of data in the same patients. Clin Neurophysiol 2001; 112(10): 1850-9.
  22. Chang SE, Horwitz B, Ostuni J, Reynolds R, Ludlow CL. Evidence of left inferior frontal-premotor structural and functional connectivity deficits in adults who stutter. Cereb Cortex 2011; 21(11): 2507-18.
  23. Fekar F, Mehri A. Effectiveness of the core vocabulary approach for treatment of inconsistent phonological disorder: A case report. J Rehab Med 2019; 8(3): 279-88. [In Persian].
  24. Rosenfield DB, Goodglass H. Dichotic testing of cerebral dominance in stutterers. Brain Lang 1980; 11(1): 170-80.
  25. Howell P, Rosen S, Hannigan G, Rustin L. Auditory backward-masking performance by children who stutter and its relation to dysfluency rate. Percept Mot Skills 2000; 90(2): 355-63.
  26. Van BJ, Sierens S, Pereira MM. Using delayed auditory feedback in the treatment of stuttering: evidence to consider. Pro Fono 2007; 19(3): 323-32. [In Portuguese].
  27. Alm PA. Stuttering and the basal ganglia circuits: A critical review of possible relations. J Commun Disord 2004; 37(4): 325-69.
  28. Giraud AL, Neumann K, Bachoud-Levi AC, von Gudenberg AW, Euler HA, Lanfermann H, et al. Severity of dysfluency correlates with basal ganglia activity in persistent developmental stuttering. Brain Lang 2008; 104(2): 190-9.
  29. Gerfen CR. The neostriatal mosaic: Compartmentalization of corticostriatal input and striatonigral output systems. Nature 1984; 311(5985): 461-4.
  30. Mirahadi SS, Khatoonabadi SA, Fekar Gharamaleki F. A review of divided attention dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Middle East J Rehabil Health Stud 2018; 5(3): e64738.
  31. Foundas AL, Corey DM, Angeles V, Bollich AM, Crabtree-Hartman E, Heilman KM. Atypical cerebral laterality in adults with persistent developmental stuttering. Neurology 2003; 61(10): 1378-85.
  32. Fekar-Gharamaleki F, Dardani N, Khoddami SM, Jalayi S. The speech prosody tests: A narrative review. J Res Rehabil Sci 2019; 15(1): 58-64.
  33. Salmelin R, Schnitzler A, Schmitz F, Jancke L, Witte OW, Freund HJ. Functional organization of the auditory cortex is different in stutterers and fluent speakers. Neuroreport 1998; 9(10): 2225-9.
  34. Jafari Z, Omidvar S, Jafarloo F. Effects of ageing on speed and temporal resolution of speech stimuli in older adults. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2013; 27(4): 195-203.